Tuesday, September 17, 2013

American English Dialects

American English Dialects

WOW! An amazing map of dialects with a wealth of information about the differences (e.g. those who use the cot -instead of caught only have 14 vowel sounds instead of 15....

Sunday, September 1, 2013


Pronunciation e-resources These are some links to websites and blogs that are a little beyond the tried and true - a bit quirky if you will:   
 http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2011/02/05/pronunciation-what-why-when-and-how
 Handily answers the "Why teach pronunciation?" question and gives tips and pointers on how to go about this.
 http://tomtesol.com/blog/2013/04/6-quick-pronunciation-techniques/ Dynamite blog and comments about teaching beyond "listen and repeat". Some excellent tips - also entertaining reading .(?My friends will say "Claudie, get a life! - but truly I am entertained by blogs and I love the power of 
the internet to connect me to colleagues everywhere 
 http://esl.about.com/od/speakingenglish/a/8wspatterns.htm  Kenneth Beare - good overview of stress patterns about.com is a good resource and Kenneth Beare is a good Guide. Like all online resources - need to read with a critical eye... (He also wrote a good guide to intonation patterns)
  http://busyteacher.org/classroom_activities-pronunciation/intonation_rhythm_and_stress-worksheets/#.UV1Yyy8DLqE.blogger Busy Teacher is pretty commercial - but there are some free resources for teachers. The above is quite quirky - some songs - again, a little out of the ordinary
http://www.dialectsarchive.com/#.UVhN_vlxpU4.blogger A FAVOURITE because it is so interesting and makes us realise that there is no standard English...the best we can do is learn the basic sound system of English for intelligibility and then get used to the many ways it is spoken!

mELTing Activities, Lessons and Ideas: The 34th ELT Blog Carnival- Pronunciation

mELTing Activities, Lessons and Ideas: The 34th ELT Blog Carnival- Pronunciation

Fun way of getting contributions for a "communal posting" about teaching pronunciation.

I like Carissa's blog and it made me aware that I need to be more professional and organised in my own blogging.

Teaching intonation and stress - Let's hear it for the lowly kazoo!


http://www.vidyablog.com/2011/12/using-kazoos-to-teach-suprasegmentals/#.UVW665_Sc60.blogger. This is a lovely lesson plan on using kazoos but here is my course presentation. IF YOU CAN'T BUY A KAZZOO YOU CAN MAKE ONE WITH A COMB!

Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin (1996) argued for the use of props in teaching pronunciation to introduce multi-sensory modes into the pronunciation class with the aim of helping break down the ego barriers of learners. They suggested (among other items); matches (for helping with aspirated consonants), rubber bands (for demonstrating differences in vowel length); and.......the kazoo for illustrating intonation patterns. 


The kazoo is a wonderful prop for helping students whose first language is not stress timed (as English is) to “feel” the difference in length and loudness between stressed and unstressed syllables. This length-loudness distinction,together with together with the ability to link words together smoothly and pronounce them in meaningful units is what is required for natural English rhythm.(Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin.)

 Students who come from stress-timed languages such as Spanish, Italian, Korean, Cantonese can sound very robotic unless they gain knowledge (and control)of word stress and sentence stress. The students need to understand which words (function or content) in a sentence tend to receive stress (content, of course), they need to know the basic distinction between function and content words, then they need to learn how to decide which word is the prominent or “focus” word, and how to modulate their pronunciation/sound production so that the listener can "catch" the meaning. 

To help the students be able to discriminate the "sound" difference between the function and content words I introduce the idea of emphasis and focus by writing sentences (usually connected to our theme or topic)on the board. and read the sentences exaggerating the focus words. The students identify the focus words. I play dialogs (e.g. from Judy's Gilbert's "Clear Speech" - an excellent ESL pronunciation resource - I wouldn't be without it!) and talk about stressed syllables being extra long, vowel extra clear, slight pitch, slightly louder. I discuss the rule that the focus word at the beginning of a conversation usually comes at the end of the sentence - but then it can move, depending on context. We hum the sentences from the board. Then I give out kazoos.  

The students need to be able to make short sounds (which will be soft) and LOOOONG sounds (which will be high in pitch, that is the beauty of a kazoo!) (In my experience it is actually a little difficult for some students to get the short/long distinction – just as it is for them to get the short-long distinction with rubber bands) Then students “mirror” the dialogs....no words, just sounds. In pairs students look at a short list of phrases and a couple of sentences and decide (underline) which are the focus words. Then they take turns reading them to each other - one reads, the other kazoos: then they can switch from first reading to first kazooing and the students guess which sentence was "kazooe") I will ask them to go round the class alternately reading and kazooing (three or four example are usually enough) 

 The lesson then continues to practice with dialogs and the kazoos are put away for another time... Note: Some students enjoy the kazoos, others less so..the instructors needs to be judicious in their use...Kazoos can be purchased at party stores - usually pretty cheaply. If no kazoos are available - "humming" can also give the length and loudness difference. Have fun (prewarn your colleagues the lesson might get a bit noisy that day!)

Wednesday, April 10, 2013

Small Talk for English Learners

Small Talk for English Learners

esl lesson plans - About.com : English as 2nd Language

esl lesson plans - About.com : English as 2nd Language

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Lesson Pronunciation Practice Stress and Intonation - Focus on Pronunciation Skills - Improving English Speaking Abilities - Stress and Intonation Improving English

Word Stress - The Eight Common Word Stress Patterns in English

Word Stress - The Eight Common Word Stress Patterns in English
Kenneth Beare

ESL Intonation Guide

ESL Intonation Guide

intonation and stress - About.com : English as 2nd Language

intonation and stress - About.com : English as 2nd Language

list of sites

How to Teach English Pronunciation

How to Teach English Pronunciation

(Beare)

speaking skills - About.com : English as 2nd Language

speaking skills - About.com : English as 2nd Language

Voiced and Voiceless Consonants - Understanding Voiced and Voiceless Pronunciation

Voiced and Voiceless Consonants - Understanding Voiced and Voiceless Pronunciation

pronunciation examples - About.com : English as 2nd Language

pronunciation examples - About.com : English as 2nd Language

Lesson: IPA Symbol Card Game

Lesson: IPA Symbol Card Game

7 Tips for Teaching Clear Pronunciation

7 Tips for Teaching Clear Pronunciation

Friday, March 29, 2013

Lesson Plan Template | HotChalk Lesson Plans Page

Lesson Plan Template | HotChalk Lesson Plans Page

Pronunciation and kazoos | TESOL at Rennert NYC

Pronunciation and kazoos | TESOL at Rennert NYC

More thumbs up for the kazooo - and for teaching prosody...

Teaching Pronunciation in the Learner-Centered Classroom

Teaching Pronunciation in the Learner-Centered Classroom

An older paper by university students - the suggestions for props etc are interesting...good reminders of things that I had forgotten... some more useful than others, but all good for a repetoire...

Using Kazoos to Teach Suprasegmentals | VidyaBLOG

Using Kazoos to Teach Suprasegmentals | VidyaBLOG

I was looking for some material to substantiate my choice of "kazoo" for a prop to teach pronunciation elements - word and sentence stress (Love Kazoos - can't find bags of them now as in days of yore...if you do, get 'em quick - gone  probably because of liability (choking, small parts)

Party favours now to use - squakers (not great) but the ones that have mylar streamers can be used for practicing fricatives...

tesol-summer2008r3.pdf

tesol-summer2008r3.pdf

This is landing here by default - should be in myedtech blog...but it also has useful sites so I will let it be...

Gilbert-Teaching-Pronunciation.pdf

Gilbert-Teaching-Pronunciation.pdf

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Folk Songs for teaching English Pronunciation

Folk Songs for teaching English Pronunciation

Teaching and learning English pronunciation

Teaching and learning English pronunciation

English language teaching materials for oral and written composition to use in class

English language teaching materials for oral and written composition to use in class

How to do a Credible Australian Accent - LearnTheAccent.com

How to do a Credible Australian Accent - LearnTheAccent.com

Indian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Teaching English with Nielsen | Interacting with your students - YouTube

Teaching English with Nielsen | Interacting with your students - YouTube

Makes you think...my not agree with everything...but provocative - teacher behaviour....

Pronunciation | Oxford University Press

Pronunciation | Oxford University Press

Blog with a couple of suggestions for inclass activiites

How well do you know the International Phonetic Alphabet? | matbury.com

How well do you know the International Phonetic Alphabet? | matbury.com

TESOL 2013 Highlights – Day 2 – Part 1 | English with Jennifer

TESOL 2013 Highlights – Day 2 – Part 1 | English with Jennifer

(This should be in my edtech blog...)

Free Online Clip Art!

Free Online Clip Art!

Leoxicon: What corpora HAVE done for us

Leoxicon: What corpora HAVE done for us: Sinclair's seminal work - the bible of corpus linguistics In this post I would like to defend linguistic corpora and their relevanc...

Monday, March 25, 2013

English Phonetics

English Phonetics
Well, just a few days left of the course - still have all Journal tasks to do (FIVE) and one test. Best part was websites - and then the links that I found after going to the websites...which is what this blog turned out to be - although I also bookmarked on Diigo... In class session on Saturday...5 and a half hours...should be interesting...

Sunday, March 24, 2013

IDEA International Dialects of English Archive

IDEA International Dialects of English Archive

Teaching Pronunciation - www-teachingenglishgames-com.pdf

Teaching Pronunciation - www-teachingenglishgames-com.pdf

This approach is different from the "introduce pronunciation through vocabulary" - start with phonemes...

Elemental English | English Pronunciation Lessons

Elemental English | English Pronunciation Lessons

Pausing within Sentences | English Pronunciation | Elemental English

Pausing within Sentences | English Pronunciation | Elemental English

Connected speech | Teaching... - Connected_speech_Teaching.pdf

Connected speech | Teaching... - Connected_speech_Teaching.pdf

Intonation | Teaching Engli... - Intonation_Teaching_Engli.pdf

Intonation | Teaching Engli... - Intonation_Teaching_Engli.pdf

Teach English

Teach English

Teach English - for students and teachers

Nym Words > Oronyms - Nym_Words_Oronyms.pdf

Nym Words > Oronyms - Nym_Words_Oronyms.pdf

lottsafunny

English Pronunciation, Lesson 02: Word Stress and Syllables

English Pronunciation, Lesson 02: Word Stress and Syllables

Really Learn English - great videos...maybe more for teachers who haven't taught pronuciation before and wnat to see a "master teacher"...

Learn American English Pronunciation – An Interview with Rachel from Rachel's English

Learn American English Pronunciation – An Interview with Rachel from Rachel's English

Interview with Rachel...

Ben Franklin Exercise: Free Time | Rachel's English

Ben Franklin Exercise: Free Time | Rachel's English


Rachel's English - excellent teacher.. good model...

Saturday, March 23, 2013

Quotes on Pronunciation

Quotes on Pronunciation

The Septic's Companion | British Slang Dictionary

The Septic's Companion | British Slang Dictionary

Canadian raising and other oddities

Canadian raising and other oddities

Taylor Roberts - has sound

Canadian English

Canadian English

flapping, Raising...

Pronunciation

Pronunciation

U ot T - stress

English Central – Bringing “voice” and output to learning English. at

English Central – Bringing “voice” and output to learning English. at

Voice of America - Learn American English with VOA Special English - VOA Learning English - VOA - Voice of America English News

Voice of America - Learn American English with VOA Special English - VOA Learning English - VOA - Voice of America English News

Yes, you can learn English. - Simple English News

Yes, you can learn English. - Simple English News

American English Pronunciation Practice (For ESL/EFL)

American English Pronunciation Practice (For ESL/EFL)

Minimal pairs

Oral English assessments and ESL speaking English activities

Oral English assessments and ESL speaking English activities

polite-rude...

Oral English assessments and ESL speaking English activities

Oral English assessments and ESL speaking English activities

Hilarious - mistakes....

Ship or Sheep : minimal pair ESL pronunciation practice - free online

Ship or Sheep : minimal pair ESL pronunciation practice - free online

The Best Websites For Learning English Pronunciation | Larry Ferlazzo’s Websites of the Day…

The Best Websites For Learning English Pronunciation | Larry Ferlazzo’s Websites of the Day…

American English Pronunciation | Rachel's English

American English Pronunciation | Rachel's English

Another really good site!! (I think I'll just retire...)

ESL Independent Study Lab -Pronunciation

ESL Independent Study Lab -Pronunciation

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links - ESL : Pronunciation

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links - ESL : Pronunciation

BrainPOP | Jane Goodall

BrainPOP | Jane Goodall

Brain POP - good stuff to listen too....

Favorite Poem Project

Favorite Poem Project

From Sounds of English site...suggestions for resources - poetry is one - this is great!

speech accent archive: how to

speech accent archive: how to

accent analysis

Learning English pronunciation | Antimoon

Learning English pronunciation | Antimoon

short clear advice on how to improve your pronunciation (student focus)

Wimba Voice Board for Teachers - YouTube

Wimba Voice Board for Teachers - YouTube
Eva Easton - soooo cool - who needs to work out their own stuff?
How to get a WIMBA voice board. e-mail centre for learning - listen to her...microphone...create voice board

Word Final /-ed/ - Pattern - Authentic American Pronunciation

Word Final /-ed/ - Pattern - Authentic American Pronunciation

BINGO!!!

A GREAT ONLINE LESSON ABOUT -ed endings. Pattern, practice (dynamite) and quiz.

EXCELLENT content (presentation a bit date because not as much 'decoration) but very solid info. Very accessible language for students.

American Accent Training - Liaisons

American Accent Training - Liaisons

LINKING....The dime easier....

American Accent Training - Pronunciation

American Accent Training - Pronunciation
good stuff!

The Happiest Facts To Make You Smile - YouTube

The Happiest Facts To Make You Smile - YouTube

American Accent Training - Intonation

American Accent Training - Intonation

This is a straightforward site - good description of aspects of intonation....

English Tongue Twisters | 1st International Collection of Tongue Twisters

English Tongue Twisters | 1st International Collection of Tongue Twisters

self -explanatory - don't appear in normal speech but can be fun to do - upper reaches of brain's ability...to do two things at once...

Phonetics: The sounds of American English

Phonetics: The sounds of American English

This is the most amazing, the best site I have seen for pronunciation...clear, interesting, interactive, something for everyone....can't stop now but I can't wait to check out the German and Spanish section....for my own use!!!!

Teaching Pronunciation - www-teachingenglishgames-com.pdf

Teaching Pronunciation - www-teachingenglishgames-com.pdf

Good description of some learner difficulties and some suggestions as to what can be done to help overcome them...

Friday, March 22, 2013

English Club

English Club

Another Golden Oldie - useful...

Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab - For English as a Second Language

Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab - For English as a Second Language

Golden Oldie...but still useful...probably first online resource I show students...definitely helps them...many enjoy it...even if it is BE!!!

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links - ESL : Treasure Hunts

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links - ESL : Treasure Hunts

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links

TESL/TEFL/TESOL/ESL/EFL/ESOL Links

Pronunciation...

Thompson Language Center | English is Stupid but Students and Teachers are not!

Thompson Language Center | English is Stupid but Students and Teachers are not!

My least favourite approach to teaching pronunciation...but getting very slick indeed and may be improving (thanks to criticisms by other professionals...)

Free ESL Worksheets, English Teaching Materials, ESL Lesson Plans

Free ESL Worksheets, English Teaching Materials, ESL Lesson Plans

Love the little "phonics lessons here" crawler....

BusyTeacher: Free Printable Worksheets For Busy Teachers Like YOU!

BusyTeacher: Free Printable Worksheets For Busy Teachers Like YOU!

(I am subscribed to this but just wanted to list it on my Problog...

Clearly Speaking | Redefine Your Communication - Blog

Clearly Speaking | Redefine Your Communication - Blog

Look at the entry - 9 ways to put your audience to sleep...(or something like that) Good to use for teaching presentation skills (original, get the students interested...)

An English Guide To Pronunciation | Gloria Pierre

An English Guide To Pronunciation | Gloria Pierre

Commercial undertaking - looks interesting...

5 Minute English - ESL Lessons - Helping you learn English

5 Minute English - ESL Lessons - Helping you learn English

English as 2nd Language - Learn English

English as 2nd Language - Learn English

Interesting Things for ESL/EFL Students (Fun English Study)

Interesting Things for ESL/EFL Students (Fun English Study)

Activities for ESL/EFL Students (English Study)

Activities for ESL/EFL Students (English Study)

English Pronunciation Exercises Online, Printable Exercises for Teachers

English Pronunciation Exercises Online, Printable Exercises for Teachers

Dave's ESL Cafe

Dave's ESL Cafe

Cross-Cultural Communications | Communication Skills Improvement | Accent Reduction | ESL Training

Cross-Cultural Communications | Communication Skills Improvement | Accent Reduction | ESL Training

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Comfortable Intelligibility

Comfortable Intelligibility

Sounds

Sounds

phonemic chart

Sounds in combination

Sounds in combination

from course

http://eleaston.com/pr/linking-pat-cv.html - Linking1.pdf

http://eleaston.com/pr/linking-pat-cv.html - Linking1.pdf

Professor Gibson's "Making Words Work: A Guide to Grammar and Usage"

Professor Gibson's "Making Words Work: A Guide to Grammar and Usage"

cool cool kooky

Language Log: Instilling linguistic anxiety in Raachester

Language Log: Instilling linguistic anxiety in Raachester

how obtuse can one get...nonlinguist talking)

The F Song - YouTube

The F Song - YouTube

Not what you think....funny fish...

Phonology - The Phoneme I - YouTube

Phonology - The Phoneme I - YouTube
lol?

English Phonology Part 4 of 4 - YouTube

English Phonology Part 4 of 4 - YouTube

Fourth part - vowel chart (in mouth) tongue positions...

English Phonology Part 3 of 4 - YouTube

English Phonology Part 3 of 4 - YouTube

More Maria - descriptions of place of sound etc...

English Phonology Part 2 of 4 - YouTube

English Phonology Part 2 of 4 - YouTube

Maria - good descriptions...

English Phonology Part 1 of 4 - YouTube

English Phonology Part 1 of 4 - YouTube

Clear descriptions 

English Phonology - YouTube

English Phonology - YouTube

EXCELLENT description of phonology - great video...

How to use the Phonetic Alphabet Mnemonic Part 2 - YouTube

How to use the Phonetic Alphabet Mnemonic Part 2 - YouTube

Phonemic Chart Animated (Complete) - YouTube

Phonemic Chart Animated (Complete) - YouTube

Camebridge - interesting...

Texts in IPA Phonetic Transcription 0001 - Vowels and Consonants - YouTube

Texts in IPA Phonetic Transcription 0001 - Vowels and Consonants - YouTube

Tripthongs...

Monday, March 18, 2013

The 9 Best Mobile Apps for Your ESL Students

The 9 Best Mobile Apps for Your ESL Students

includes dictionary with sound...

7 Worst Pronunciation Mistakes ESL Students Make Around the World

7 Worst Pronunciation Mistakes ESL Students Make Around the World
So far, so terrible...not enjoying this course although it is filling some gaps in my knowledge Very choppy presentations - I guess it is the Moodle layout...can't see what I have done, what not - same complaint as LIT2T...very "unfriendly" no support - details later...looks like cut and paste - very amateurish - test was a bugger - really quite difficult - TF stuff, multiple choice - devil is in the reading...well got 85% and at this stage don't care enough to go back and do it again...well, keep on trucking... I did find useful website on my own - IPAtypeit.com

Pronunciation 101: 7 Things Your Students Need to Hear You Explain

Pronunciation 101: 7 Things Your Students Need to Hear You Explain

Interesting how many sites are now including pronunciation - after years of it being the "p" word...

Wednesday, March 13, 2013

What is phonology?

What is phonology?

What is lexical phonology?

What is lexical phonology?

What is phonology?

What is phonology?

Phonetic Symbols - Instructor_DevelopedPA.pdf

Phonetic Symbols - Instructor_DevelopedPA.pdf

Americanist phonetic notation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Americanist phonetic notation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Logic of English Presentation - phonetic alphabet recitation - Safeshare.TV

Logic of English Presentation - phonetic alphabet recitation - Safeshare.TV

Short video of "sounds"
Taking me forever to write up first Journal task - to hit all the points- make it original, and at the same time academic. Concepts swirling in my head - acquisition theory, affective issues, learning styles, Myer-Briggs, etc. Can't remember if I put this in my first reflections but this really is POST TESL Certificate stuff - now I have experience, can use my experience to think about the readings. This has validated many things I do...given me some new ideas, new directions. Getting a bit overwhelmed...need to sort things out...pace myself a bit - or not...intuitive as usual...so try to keep it sequential... There is a "TEST" coming up - scary.....but OK.

50 Difficult Words to Pronounce

50 Difficult Words to Pronounce

Cool info - great for creating activity....

Strategic Interaction and Language Acquision: Theory, Practice, and Research - James E. Alatis - Google Books

Strategic Interaction and Language Acquision: Theory, Practice, and Research - James E. Alatis - Google Books

Monday, March 11, 2013

IPA transcription in Unicode

IPA transcription in Unicode

Printing Press

Printing Press

Cool tool for creating a newsletter...brochure...flyer.... will publish this on my blog - but also useful here - could do a "pronunciation page"...ss have to research articles about pronunciation, or write about particular issue /th/ for example...
Course started...some really good articles... INTRODUCTION...revisiting some theory..Krashen, Chomsky...and some content - Phonology, Phonetics, Morphology. The course looks exciting. I am glad I decided (again impulsively) to do it fast track. Two items that made me think (1) Guiora (1972) found the EMPATHY was a predictor of good pronunciation..."Pronunciation had nothing to do directly with things associated with phonetic ability (e.g. good ear for sound) but the ability to appreciate the identity of the other, a temporary narrowing of the ego boundaries - to narrow the limit of "us" and "not us" making it easier to "hear" ourselves.... and (2)"...the importance of classroom climate for developing successful skills in communication. One of the skills in teaching is knowing how to create a positive atmosphere...Making speaking easier has more to do with the affective side than the cognitive side. Focus on ss attitude less than linguistic content "What have they learned" Of course a lot of things made me think - but on the whole I felt validated by what I had self-learned (and implemented) in my own classes..... Some of the "thinking" is a bit "70s" ...I should google and see if theories have been updated... I had some problems opening some links...was able to suggest that the problem might be the Moodle settings...if I hadn't done the learnIT2teach...I would not have known to suggest this...one thing leads to another... Now onto the nasty phonetic IPA charts...(nasty only in that I never learned phonetic alphabet that way - know about it, looked at it, too complicated, won't need it, so ignored it...)

Saturday, March 9, 2013

This article is © Copyright 2000 Pilgrims Ltd - SpeakingandPronunciation.pdf

This article is © Copyright 2000 Pilgrims Ltd - SpeakingandPronunciation.pdf

Introduction to English Phonology - YouTube

Introduction to English Phonology - YouTube

Neurolinguistics | Linguistic Society of America

Neurolinguistics | Linguistic Society of America

Why Do Some People Have an Accent? | Linguistic Society of America

Why Do Some People Have an Accent? | Linguistic Society of America

(Basically, the course Introduction..)

Dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Creative Speech Centre - YouTube

Creative Speech Centre - YouTube

Talking about accents...What is a Canadian accent

Registered for PTCT Pronunciation course...

This is my first blog...I wonder what I will learn from this course.. I have taught myself a lot about pronunciation and this seems a good time to institutionalise the learning...and get a certificate...Looking forward to it..ope it does not take much more time than predicted (20 hours online...6 hours face to face in class...blended learning)